Paper Beads: Cheap, Easy, Eco-Friendly Crafts

Nowadays there are so many people looking for ways to recycle and reuse their waste. I think this is great, and I completely support it, and I have been practicing this habit for a long time now. I love to find awesome ways to reuse things that are lying around my home, and there are many fun craft projects that use things we would normally throw out.

If you are like me, magazines, junk mail and other assorted random papers start pile up around your house quicker than you realize. This article will discuss how to make several different beads out of paper. These projects are fun and easy for both children and adults, and they are inexpensive as well.

Paper beads come in a variety of shapes and sizes. I will first discuss the easiest way to make paper beads, and the tools for all of these beads. For these awesome projects you will only need paper, scissors, glue and a knitting needle or strong piece of wire. Gather together all of these items, and make sure to find all sorts of recyclable papers such as magazines, old mail, newspapers and papers from packaging.

The easiest bead to make is a cylindrical bead, and all you will need to do for this bead is cut a long rectangular strip from your favorite paper. Next spread a thing layer of glue along the length of one side of the paper. Now take your wire and wrap one end of the paper tightly around the wire. Simply wrap the paper until it is completely wound in a tight coil. Hold for a few seconds so the glue can dry, and you have created your first paper bead!

Another pretty bead you can make is the cone shaped bead. This is created by using the same shaped piece of paper as before, but this time you must trim the rectangle from the top left corner to the bottom right corner. This angle will give you a cone shaped bead. Just glue and wrap the paper tightly around and it will make a pretty cone shape. When creating this bead remember to start wrapping from the larger side.

An oval shaped bead is a lot of fun to make as well, and it requires a similar process as the last bead. For this bead you will trim the paper from the top left corner of the rectangle to the middle of the right side. You will repeat the same on the bottom of the rectangle. This will leave you with a point in the middle. Starting with the wider side of the rectangle, wrap the paper and glue it; remember to make sure the point ends up in the middle of the bead.

These beads are cheap, easy and fun to make; they save on waste, and they are a lovely addition to anyone's jewelry collection.

Ocean and Underwater Inspired Crafts for Kids

Many kids are thrilled with the idea of ocean life, underwater sea creatures, and beaches. There are a lot of fun projects for kids that can be created with an underwater theme. Here are some fun and exciting kid's crafts with the ocean theme in mind.

Coffee filter jelly fish are fun and easy to make, and they can be kept and hung around a child's room for years to come. First you will need a couple coffee filters, a paper cup, string, watercolors, scissors, and glue. First wet the coffee filters, and have the children paint them in various colors. After they are dry glue one coffee filter to the paper cup and thread a string through the center of the cup and through the coffee filter; this string will make the jelly fish able to hang.

Next rip the other filters into strips and glue them to the open end of the cup. They will hang down like the tentacles of the jellyfish. This project is fun and easy, and it is a guaranteed winner for any child who is interested in ocean life.

Paper plate port holes are awesome and eye catching projects. You will need left over paper plates, silver paint, fish shaped crackers, circular cereal pieces, sand or dirt, some paper, glue, and blue cellophane.

First cut a circle out of the majority of the middle of the paper plate, and glue the cereal pieces around the outside of the circle while it is upside down. Paint the plate silver because it will be the porthole. Remember to make the hole big enough to view your picture.

Next glue some dirt onto the bottom of a piece of paper. Cut and glue some leaves out of paper and onto the picture as well to create an under water scene. If you have some shells lying around feel free to use these as well. Next add your fish to the scene and let this dry. After the sea life picture has dried shake off the excess dirt.

Now cut the cellophane so it is a bigger circle than the one that is cut out of your plate. Glue this cellophane to the plate and let dry. Finally glue the plate to your ocean scene and trim off the excess. This porthole is an awesome project that you can display around the house.

Another simple and fun craft project can be made using an old sock, wiggly eyes or buttons, glue, and some cotton balls or stuffing. This sock octopus is adorable and easy to make. Simply cut the bottom half of a sock into strips, and stuff the top with cotton. Now tie two of the opposing strips together into a knot; continue working in a circle until all of the strips are knotted. Now glue or sew on eyes and a mouth, and you have an awesome sock octopus.

Under water and ocean crafts are a lot of fun and inspire a lot of imagination. They can be created using things found around the home, and your kids will have a blast!

No Fuss Vegetarian Black Bean Burger

Burgers are delicious, and I can't imagine being vegetarian without being able to eat a burger. I have eaten a lot of vegetarian burgers, but I have to say this recipe makes the best veggie burger I have ever eaten. This recipe is not only delicious, but it is also quick and easy to make.

The first and most important part of the recipe is the ingredients. You will need 1 can of black beans, half of a cup of mushrooms, 1 egg, and a fourth of a cup of flour. You can also include assorted vegetables, and these vegetables can be frozen and thawed, or they can come from a can. I like to use mixed vegetables such as carrots, potatoes, green beans, and peas. Corn is also a delicious addition to this recipe. If you use vegetable add an extra egg to the mixture, and if you use canned vegetables remember to press all of the water out of them.

Now that you have all of your ingredients ready pour the black beans into a bowl. Make sure to mash them up a little. This will add a smooth and creamy texture, and will provide something to help stick the beans together. Do not mash the beans all of the way because the lumps will keep a contrasting texture to the burger that is delicious. Dice the mushrooms and add them to the beans. Next mix the vegetables in and the eggs. Lightly mix until just combined, lastly add the flour. Sprinkle the flour in, and slowly mix until just combined.

Next shape the mixture into patties. I like to make larger burgers , but the size is up to you. Now you can coat the patties in flour or press them into some breadcrumbs. You do not have to bread the patties in anyway, but if you want a crispier outside add a slight coating. Lightly grease a pan and heat to medium. Fry the pan on each side for about 15 minutes. You can serve these burgers with lettuce, tomato, and mayonnaise or your can serve it with something more fun like avocado and onion.

These black bean burgers are so good even meat eaters will want to eat them. They are not only tasty, but they have nutritional value, and they are a cinch to make. Next time you are cooking for some vegetarians or feel like enjoying a nice vegetarian meal try these black bean burgers, and you will be glad you did.

Natural Methods of Keeping Groundhogs Out of Your Garden

Groundhogs love to steal, eat, and trample your plants, but there are natural methods of keeping groundhogs out of your garden. These furry pests are a common ailment to many summer gardeners, and building a fence is an expensive means that does not always work. This article will discuss several natural methods of keeping groundhogs out of your garden.

Noise and Motion

Groundhogs can be pretty big and invasive, but they do have their fears. Noise and motion are scary to groundhogs, and if your garden is a scary place it is less likely for a groundhog to visit it for a mid day snack.

Pinwheels

Pinwheels are an inexpensive and whimsical method of keeping groundhogs out of your garden. These small wonders provide natural motion and sound that will scare off groundhogs. You can make your own pinwheel easily using paper and plant stakes and a few other common items. Placing these around your commonly eaten plants is a natural method of keeping groundhogs out of your garden.

Aluminum Pans

Another natural way to instill fear in groundhogs is making it noisy. You can do this by adding aluminum pans to your fence or from trees. You can also hang noisy items from garden stakes in between the rows in your garden. When the items bang together the noise will terrify the groundhogs and the will learn to keep out of your garden.

Smell and Taste

Just like humans groundhogs do not want to eat things that smell and taste badly. This method of keeping groundhogs out of your garden relies on natural items that smell and taste unpleasant to groundhogs.

Pepper Sauce Spray

In a spray bottle mix together about an 1/8th cup of pepper sauce and water. Spray this on all of the plants you want to keep safe from groundhogs. The groundhog will hate the burning taste from the pepper sauce. He will worn his groundhog buddies to keep out of your garden. Make sure to spray the mixture on your plants after heavy rain and watering to keep the strength in tact.

Peppermint Plants

Another natural method of keeping groundhogs out of your garden is with peppermint plants. Planting peppermint near the entrance and around the border of your garden will deter these common inconveniences. Groundhogs do not like peppermint and will stay away from it.

These natural methods of keeping groundhogs out of your garden are easy and inexpensive. Try these methods to keep your groundhogs under control and your garden happy!

5 Unique Ways to Decorate with Christmas Lights

I love Christmas lights, and I love decorating with them. Many people do the same old thing with their Christmas lights, but I say why not do something different this year. This article will describe 5 unique ways to decorate with Christmas lights.

1. A simple and unique way to decorate with Christmas lights is by writing with them; This project only requires tent stakes, and lights; hooks will also work well for this project, but stakes are the best. Now figure out what you want to write with them. Ho, Ho, Ho always works well. Now start at the beginning of your first letter and tie the lights to the stake. Push it into the ground, and pull the string in a straight line to the next stake point. For shorter lines double the lights up, and for circles lay the lights in a circle. This is a unique way to decorate using Christmas lights.

2. Another unique way to decorate for Christmas in lights is by making a 3-d Christmas light tree. To create this you will need several strands of lights, a tall pole that can be put into the ground, and several tent stakes or long nails. Attach all of the ends of the lights that do not have the plug together using a rubber band. Next attach this bunch to the top of the pole. Stand the pole, and pull the strands out to form a cone shape. Attach them to the ground using stakes and string if needed.

3. A unique and stunning way to use Christmas lights to decorate your home is by creating a large Christmas wreath. Start by using heavy wire to make a circular base. When you have a base made wrap many strands of green lights around it, and add a big red bow to the top. Leave this wreath in your yard or hang on the wall of your house for a unique Christmas decoration that uses Christmas lights.

4. Another unique way to decorate with Christmas light is by making a huge star. The star is part of the bible's story about the birth of Christ, and it is a charming and unique way to decorate with Christmas lights. For this decoration you will need a piece of plywood, and a couple of nails. Draw a star on the wood, and hammer the nails in where the points are. Next wrap the lights around the nails so that you can see the outline of the star. Hang this unique decoration somewhere high so that you neighbors can see it this Christmas.

5. For a unique way to use Christmas lights inside your house this holiday try making a centerpiece for your table that uses Christmas lights. Simply fill a glass bowl with lights and ornaments. Mix and layer these lights for a nice effect, and plug in for a unique Christmas decoration using Christmas lights.

There are many unique ways of decorating that uses Christmas lights, and I hope this article will help you decorate your home this Christmas.

3 Fun, Inexpensive, and Easy Dinner Party Invitation Ideas

Dinner parties are a lot of fun; they are a great way to get together with friends and have a good time. In order to add a little style and fun to your dinner parties it is nice to send out dinner party invitations, and this article will describe three different invitation ideas for a dinner party.

A fun and festive dinner party idea is a Hawaiian dinner party, and invitations for this type of party are easy and fun to make. All you will need for this invitation is some bright colored cardstock, some fake flowers, glue,and some nice pens or markers. Simply cut the cardstock to suit the size of the invitations you like. I prefer to make to smaller invitations from one piece of paper. Next glue some fake flowers to the corner, and draw some leaves and vines stretching out from the flowers to create a border. Next write a nice message on the front, and remember to mention luaus, tropical, or Hawaiian party. On the inside state the date, time, and location, and don't forget to tell them to bring their grass skirts because you will be providing the lays.

Another fun dinner party invitation can be made for a Chinese food themed dinner party. These dinner parties are fun because they take a lot of the work out of the dinner, and you will be able to relax. These dinner party invitations are a lot of fun because they are super easy to make. All you will need is some white colored cardstock or paper and a printer. To make these invitations use a card making application on your writing program on your computer. Next find a picture of a fortune cookie on the internet and copy and paste it onto the invitation. Underneath the cookie write open the card to find your fortune. Inside the card make up a fortune that describes your party; a good idea for this is to write you will have a great time at my party. Remember to include the date, time, and location. The fortune cookie will remind your invites that this is a Chinese themed dinner party, but you can also mention that they will be using chopsticks and sitting barefoot on the floor.

A fun theme for dinner parties is the casino night dinner party, and making dinner party invitations for this party are easy and fun as well. All you need for these dinner party invitations is some paper, a deck of playing cards, glue, and some markers. In order to create these invitations fold the paper in half, and write a message on the front that says roll the dice, or something similar. Next have fun cutting up the playing cards and arranging them on the front of the invitation in a fun pattern or border. Next fill in the inside of the card with a message that invites them to a fun night at your casino. This party will be a hit.

Making invitations are a lot of fun, and they get the people invited excited about coming to your dinner party. I hope these dinner party invitation ideas have helped you plan a fun dinner party!

Tips on Creating Art Card Editions and Originals and Artist Trading Cards

Art card, editions and originals are an easy and inexpensive way to make gifts for people, express yourself, and have a good time. I love making art cards and find it very relaxing. There is only one simple rule to these fun little cards; artist trading cards must measure 2 and a half inches by 3 and a half inches. This size is actually a convenient size because it is the same measurements as the average playing card. ACEOs and ATCs can be composed of whatever materials you enjoy working with, and here are some tips that I find useful when making ATCs and ACEOs.

I like to use a lot of collage work when making ACEOs so I usually do random image searches on the computer to find images that strike some inspiration for me. Once I find a good image I print it out and cut it out. If you do not have a printer you can use magazines or books to find images; you may also feel free to draw your own images.

Once I have a good image I place it on the cards I have precut from cardstock or cardboard, and I glue it down. I like to alter my pictures by adding some oil pastels. Oil pastels are fun because they smudge, and can be wiped away if you only want to add a hint of color to the original image. Acrylic paint is another interesting art tool to use because it can be watered down and used to create blurry effects. I also use paint pens, markers, and pens on occasion to add details that the paint and pastels can not create.

Another fun part of making ATCs is picking a theme. Since these little cards can be used as gifts it is fun to make holiday themed cards, and a handmade card is always more thoughtful than a store bought card. ATCs can be made for Easter by using bunny rabbit cut outs and fake grass. Beads can be used in place of eggs. Christmas themed ATCs are also nice gifts because you can use tinfoil to make angel wings and pine needles to add accents.

A major part of making ACEOs and ATCs is personalizing them. It is important that your art cards have your own personal touch, so make sure to let your artist freedom run wild. Feel free to use things found around your home that do not naturally seem artistic to add your own personal touch. Just remember to have fun when making these cards, and your ATCs will come out better than expected.

Thumbprint Animals and Insects: Fun Summer Crafts for Kids

You would never know it, but you have an incredible craft material right at the tip of your finger. You may be wondering what I am referring to, and I am here to tell you that your thumb and finger prints are a lot of fun, and you can make many different things with them. Here are some ideas on creating thumbprint animals and insects.

A cute rabbit can be created using your thumb and pinky finger print. Stick your thumb in some paint and press it on a piece of paper; next add to ears either straight up or for floppy ears add them to the sides of the bunny's head. Next draw a little nose, some whiskers, buck teeth, and eyes, and you have a great little fingerprint bunny.

Caterpillars can be made with your thumbprints as well. Just dip your thumb in some green paint and make a wiggly looking chain of prints. Next add some feet , eyes, and antennas using a pen, and you will have an awesome caterpillar.

Butterflies are easy enough using finger and thumb prints, and you can make butterflies of different shapes and sizes using different fingers as different wings. Make sure to dip your fingers in more than one color when doing these wings to add a pretty rainbow effect. Press four prints to make the wings and add the bodies, heads, and antennas with a pen or marker.

A finger print turtle is a little more complex, but it looks great when completed. Start buy making a big thumbprint in the middle. Then make two smaller prints on each side of your thumb print. This will create a circular shape. Now make longer fingerprints going around the inside circle of the shell. You should start one at the top and bottom, and have 2 on each side. This will be the turtles shell. Next use your thumb to create the head of the turtle. Use your pointer or middle finger to create hands and feet poking out of the shell. Finally use your pinky to create a tail. You can draw eyes and add details to your tortoise with a pen after the paint has dried.

Another simple thumbprint creature is the bumble bee. Start by making thumbprints with yellow paint. Next add little blue pinky prints to the side of the yellow as wings. After the paint has dried add big round eyes and zigzag patterns to the bee's body. Antennas and a smile are also a good addition to this print.

Thumbprint fish are fun and easy to make. Start by making a big thumbprint for the body. This can be whatever color you like. Next add fins and a tail using your pinky and middle fingers. Finally draw smiles and eyes on your fish when the pain or ink has dried, and be sure to add some bubbles so your fish can breathe.

These crafts are fun and simple. It is less messy to use ink pads when doing these projects, but regular poster paints work just as well. Enjoy creating these animals and see what other creatures you can come up with. You can use these ideas to create greeting cards, add fun details to pictures, and create personalized signs.

The Ultimate 20 Minute Fat Burning Home Workout

Many people complain that they do not have enough time to workout, and I understand that feeling, but here I am going to describe a routine that I have recently tried that not only makes me feel great, but also helps me to burn unwanted fat. This workout is great because you can do it in the comfort of your own home with out any tools or machines. All you need is a clock and twenty minutes.

Okay, remember to wear some comfortable cloths and have a water bottle handy. You will sweat, and you will be thirsty when you are doing this routine. If you don't sweat you are not burning fat.

To start this routine you will do jumping jacks for 3 minutes. A jumping jack is a simple exercise that will bring your heart rate up so that you are burning fat. Starting this routine with jumping jacks makes sure that your heart rate will be at its best during the rest of the work out. To do a jumping jack stand with your hands at your sides and jump and spread your legs out while also lifting your arms out in a straight line from your shoulders. After you have done this for 3 minutes relax for 30 seconds. Remember to not relax more than that because your heart rate will relax as well, and we do not want that.

After you have done your jumping jack warm up you will continue by doing a series of 8 exercises for 30 seconds each. Move from one exercise to the next without stopping. Here I will describe the exercises:

1. The first exercise is the knee lift. This exercise requires you to lay flat on the ground with your knees bent and your hands at your sides. Now pull your knees up to your chin. Remember to keep your hands on the ground and use your abs to pull you forward.

2. Leg lifts are the second exercise in this routine, and they are similar to the first because you start out in the same position except your legs are flat and you bring them straight up so that they are perpendicular to the floor.

3. Knee touches are next, and again you start out in the same position as the first exercise except you bring your hands, arms, and chest up and toward your knees.

4. Squats are done by standing with your hand on your hips and extending one foot forward and bending it at the knee so that your other knee is bent in a downward position. Alternate forward foots in this exercise.

5. Push ups are done by kneeling on the floor with your hands in front of you. Next push your feet back so that you are comfortable and use your arms to move your body up and down from the ground.

6. To do the hip thrust exercise you must lay on the ground with your knees bent. Now lift one foot up and point the toe at they ceiling. With your hands flat on the ground at your sides use your legs and stomach to thrust your hips upward and away from the ground.

These exercises should be done for 30 seconds each with no break in between. Since there are only 6 exercises listed you should do push ups and squats as your first 2 exercises; after that you can continue with the routine as listed.

Remember to start slow; you do not have to do a hundred exercises per session. When I started I could barely do 10 half push ups. If you do this routine everyday it will get much easier, and you will be able to move onto something harder. If you find that you need to stop in between exercises that is okay, but don't stop for more than 20 seconds because you want to keep your heart rate up.

I hope these exercises have helped you improve your physical condition and your mental condition, and I hope the next time you are feeling tired you do this workout instead of taking a nap because I guarantee it will wake you up and give you more energy than you would realize.

The Three Best Natural Sunburn Remedies

The first time I got sunburned really bad I was vacationing in Florida. I had spent about 9 straight hours in the pool, and I didn't even notice that I was burning. The water was cold and I was having so much fun that I didn't even notice that I was getting completely sunburned. It was terrible; I was sunburned so bad that I was blistering all over. I still had fun in Florida, but I used many natural sunburn treatments to help with sunburn relief. Here are the three best natural sunburn remedies that I know work.

Milk is an amazing help when you have sunburn. Milk has proteins and fat that help soothe the skin and aid in healing of sunburn. Remember you will need whole milk; your skin is not on a diet. For this remedy you will need a gallon of milk and a bath tub, but if you don't have a bath tub you can apply the milk with a cold compress. Use about half of a gallon to a full bath of water, and just soak in it. The milk will moisturize and nourish your sunburned skin, and it will provide instant relief. Bathing in milk once a day until your sunburn is gone will help it heal quickly.

Chamomile tea is another great home remedy that will provide relief for sunburns. Many sunburns peal, burn, and itch, and it is important to keep the skin hydrated during this time to help the sunburn heal quickly and without a lot of pealing and pain. Chamomile tea is great for this you can either put it in a mist bottle or spray yourself, or you can use a cold compress, but always make sure the tea is cold. I use about 6 teabags to about 5 cups of water. You may also add a teaspoon of tea tree oil to this tea to help aid in sunburn treatment. Tea tree oil is known for its healing properties of the skin.

My all time favorite sunburn treatment is aloe vera gel. I have found that aloe is the most affective treatment for sunburn, and it is also the most soothing. Aloe should be used directly from a plant because the potency of the gel wears off when preserved or mixed with other chemicals. All you will need for this treatment is some aloe leaves and knife. Cut the leaf down the center and open up the leaf so it is spread wide. Now simply rub the leaf over the affected area. The aloe will tingle a little and it may make your skin feel dry, but it will help tremendously.

Sunburn is no fun, and I hope this three natural sunburn treatments have helped you to ease your sunburn pain. If you use all of these treatments together I guarantee your sunburn will be gone quicker than you expect.

The Life of a Queen Bee and Her Colony

Most people have heard of the queen bee, but not many people know exactly what a queen bee is and what her role in the bee hive is. I have recently become interested in this myself, and I have put together some fascinating information for those of you who are interested in the life of a queen bee and her colony.

The first part of this story is that some bees live in colonies and some do not. "Social bees," which are the bees that have a queen, live in colonies; this group of bees is made up of female workers, male bees, which are called drones, and the queen bee (Leokum, 1986, p.57). These bees live together for the summer.

The queen bee is an amazing creature because she is the only bee of her colony that "lives through the winter," and in the spring time she begins a new colony (Leoukum, 1986, p.57). The queen bee is constantly working throughout her whole life.

In the spring she looks for a home in which to start her colony. The queen bee piles soft materials together to create a nest, and she leaves a spot in the bottom hollow so she can start her nursery (Leokum, 1986, p.57). This is only the beginning for the queen. After her home is complete she gathers some pollen and nectar, and she places this pile on the bottom of the nursery. The queen bee then lays her eggs on this lump, "covers them with wax, and sits on them" (Leokum, 1986, p.58).

Before she lays her eggs she has to create a food supply that will last until the baby bees have grown big enough to feed themselves. In order to do this she creates a "large waxen cell," and this cell is "filled with enough honey for food to last until her eggs have hatched" (Leokum, 1986, p.58). This cell will be the emergency back up food supply for the rest of this colonies life, and they will work to keep it full throughout the season.

After the queen bees makes a nest she starts to lay eggs. In the beginning of a colonies life the "only bees born are worker" bees; later in the summer she will start to produce future queens and male bees (Leokum, 1986, p. 58). All the queen bee does all summer is lay eggs.

In the fall the colony will break apart, and the queen bee will find a place to live for the winter. She will usually choose a "hole dug in a sandbank" or something similar to wait out the cold winter months (Leokum, 1986, p.57). Over the summer season the queen bee has laid many eggs. She "lays more than 1,500 eggs per day and about 250,000 in a season" (Leokum, 1986, p.58). The queen bee is the most important bee because without her there would be no colony.

So the next time you hear of the queen bee know that she is a serious mama!

References:

Leokum, A. (1986). The Big book of tell me why. New York, NY: Grosset and Dunlap.

The Importance of Food Biochemistry and Metabolic Processes

Metabolic processes are influenced by the biochemistry of food. This article discusses food biochemistry, the major components of diet, and how they are metabolized by the body; it also discusses common diseases and research related to these concepts.

Food biochemistry is the production of energy from the breakdown of food in the cell. Nutrients are used by the cell to create energy, and vitamins and minerals are also essential for proper metabolic processes. The nutrients are carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Carbohydrates can come in a variety of forms from simple to complex, and the carbohydrate molecules are composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. Lipids are solid fats and liquid oils, the molecules are primarily made up of carbon and hydrogen, and lipids are broken down into three major groups known as triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols.

Proteins consist of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, and they form chains of amino acidbyjuios. These chains are formed using a variety of the twenty different amino acids that exist. They are used as a catalyst for biochemical reactions in the cells, and they also act as transport molecules and add structure to cells. Vitamins and minerals are necessary for the body's metabolic functions; vitamins are either water-soluble or fat soluble, and they are necessary for enzymes. Major minerals are calcium phosphorus magnesium, sodium chloride sulfur, and potassium, and they 100 milligrams are necessary for proper function per day. Trace elements are also important, but they are needed in smaller doses; trace elements are iron, zinc, iodine, fluoride, copper, selenium, chromium, manganese and molybdenum.

Biochemistry of food plays a role in common diseases, and researchers have been studying this concept for a long time. Overconsumption and malnutrition commonly cause disorders because the body needs certain amounts of the previously list nutrients, vitamins and minerals to function properly. Too much of these components in a diet can lead to obesity, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol; a deficiency of these components can lead to a metabolic disorder known as beriberi, rickets, and other disorders and diseases. Researchers have been studying the biochemistry of food in relation to the metabolic processes of the body since Aristotle's time, and the study of the biochemical make up of food paired with diet and nutrition has helped scientists determine the causes and methods of prevention for many disorders and conditions. These studies have also led to the creation of the recommended dietary allowances, and these theories influence how many humans eat on a daily basis.

The biochemistry of food is important to the lives of all individuals. The information found in this article provides essential information about the body's needs and use of nutrients, vitamins, and minerals. "Since the 1970's, research has consistently associated nutritional factors with six of the ten leading causes of death in the United States;" this article discusses how overconsumption and under consumption can cause these nutritional factors to occur. Understanding how cells "convert the nutrients of the food one eats to energy and other structural components of the body" is essential to having a healthy diet. Understanding how food is processed can lead to healthier choices and a healthier life (Food biochemistry).

"Food biochemistry." Magill's Medical Guide, 4th Rev. ed.. 2008. eLibrary. Web. 15 May. 2011.

The History, Use and Cultivation of Agrimony

Agrimony is a perennial herb that been used in many ways for many years. The stem of this herb is round, rough, dark green, and covered with hairs. The flowers are yellow and only about a half an inch across. This herb has five petals on its flowers, they are egg shaped, and they grow along a spike in an up and down manner. The leaves of the agrimony plant are quite big. These leaves are soft and usually vary in size from 8 inches to 4 inches. These plants grow to about 5 feet in height and the flower from the middle to the end of the summer. This plant is originally native to Europe, but it is "now common in the United States and in parts of Asia" (Kowalchik, 1987, p.3).

Agrimony has been used for many purposes, and it had medicinal qualities that should be noted, but in the past it has been used in ways that may seem absurd. Agrimony was used in an old remedy for "internal hemorrhages" where they would combine the herb with "pounded frogs and a little human blood" (Kowalchik, 1987, p.3). This method seems strange, and I am unaware of its actual healing ability. In ancient Greece this herb was used for eye problems, and up until the late 1800's agrimony was used to treat fever, rheumatism, digestive problems, coughs, and soar throats. (Kowalchik, 1987)It was also rumored to help with sleeping problems, but it seems that agrimony does not have any sedative properties.

This herb is taken commonly as a tea. Agrimony has "astringent properties" which are known to help internal bleeding, sore throats, and skin problems (Kowalchik, 1987,p 4). It can be gargled with or made into a poultice for external skin problems. It is helpful for those who have the flu or a cold, and it is a good additive to lotions for the skin. This plant is safe and very useful.

Agrimony can be started form seed, and it is a plant that will reseed itself once it has become strong. It likes light shade, and dry soil. It is not a very showy plant, but it does make a nice addition to a fence or a rock garden. Its high growing spikes give dimension to many gardens, and its medicinal properties make it relevant to grow. Agrimony can also be used to make a bright yellow dye. Its leaves and stems are best for dying if harvested in the fall.

This plant has lovely flowers and medicinal properties, and it deserves a place in your garden.

Reference:

Kowalchik, C. (Ed.). (1987). Rodale's encyclopedia of herbs. Emmaus, PA: Rodale.

The History, Cultivation and Use of Angelica

Angelica is an interesting herb that is surrounded in mythical claims, and it has been used extensively over the centuries. This article will discuss the history, cultivation methods and uses for the popular plant called Angelica.

Angelicais a plant that is native to "Europe and Asia," but it is "widely cultivated in other countries including the United States" (Kowalchik, 1987, p.10). Angelic is an herb that has a similar fragrance as celery, and it is sometimes known as wild celery. This plant flowers in "June and July," and its flowers are "tiny white or greenish flowers" that form in "a globe shaped compound umbel" (Kowalchik, 1987, p.10). This plant has many branches,and it lives in places where water is abundant such as streams and marshes.

The history of this plant is spun with magical stories, and many people believe that it derived its name from the Archangel Michael because it blooms on May 8th which is his feast day. (Kowalchick, 1987, p.10) Angelica was used widely in the past to protect from evil and witches; it was also used to ward off spirits. A famous legend that surrounds this plant occurred in "1665;" apparently monk dreamed that an angel "told him that angelica could cure the plague," and in fact it became one of the ingredients in the recipe to help heal the plague (Kowalchik, 1987, p.11). In the past angelica was taken for many illnesses.

One of the most common uses for angelica still ring true today. Angelica is famous for help with "digestation and diseases of the lungs" (Kowalchik, 1987, p.11). These uses are still valued n the eye of medical practitioners today. Simply make a tea of the leaves of angelica for help with stomach problems.

This plant also has popular uses in the area of culinary. "Licorice lovers enjoy angelica," and the leaves can be used in salads, baked goods, soups, and with meats (Kowalchik, 1987, p.12). The ground root can also bee used in baked goods such as cakes and cookies. The stem is also a popular treat when "candied," and the root is used to make "gin and vermouth" (Kowalchik, 187, p.12).

Angelica is best "propagated though seed," and the seeds "need light to germinate" so do not cover the seeds with dirt when planting (Kowalchik, 1987, p.13). Angelica is not a traditional perennial because it will go to seed and die, but if you cut the stalks before it turns to seed it "will continue to grow for years" (Kowalchik, 1987, p.12).

Angelica is a plant that has many uses in both the medical field and culinary field, and it should be grown in your garden.

Reference:

Kowalchik, C. (Ed.). (1987). Rodale's encyclopedia of herbs. Emmaus, PA: Rodale.

The Exclusive Properties of Photography: A Beginner's Guide to Photography for Fun

If you are like me you never really understood the beauty behind photography, or you use your camera to take fun pictures of friends and family, but not for art. I always realized that my camera could be used for so much more, but I for a long time I never got into taking photographs. After researching photography I found some ideas that have not only made photography more natural to me, but photography has become a special art form that I enjoy daily.

There are differences between photography and other forms of art. Some of the unique properties of photography are that the photographer "already has an existing object in front of your lens," and photographs have a "capacity to render detail with precision" (Patterson, 2004). This is different from painting, sculpture, and all other forms of art because they picture is not a reproduction; it is an actual detailed copy of a moment. It can be improved upon by the skill and it of the photographer, but the whole image is already there.

Another exclusive property that photography has is the importance of timing because a picture relies solely on timing. I found this to be frustrating, challenging, and inspirational because a photographer has to be prepared to take the picture at the right time, and the photographer has to make all the decisions about the photograph before taking the photograph. As a photographer I feel this idea is important because it helps an artist to train their eyes and focus their ideas. It is also fun because sometimes you catch pictures of things that were unintended but natural.

The speed in which an exposure is made is also an important and distinct property of photography that I found a lot of fun to use. The idea that a photographer "stops the world" helped me to strive for better photographs (Patterson, 2004). Time lapse is a great example of ho the speed of an exposure can change a picture drastically. This method allows the camera lens to stay open for varied amounts of time, and the exposure will pick of motion and changes. This means that a picture of a butterfly flying taken with time lapse will show a blur of the butterfly as it passes. I enjoy using time lapse, and I recommend it to all.

Photography has also inspired me to try to perfect my reaction time to things in front of me. When practicing photography it is important to note that there is a "special connection with chance" that one must "hope for and prepare for" (Patterson, 2004). It is an amazing way to learn how to be alert and spontaneous, but it also helps you be prepared and cautious like a hunter on the prowl.

Photography relies directly on light for its "intensity, quality, hue and direction to organize the picture space" (Patterson, 2004). And the wrong or right lighting will make or break a picture. Many people have noticed that hen they take pictures sometimes they come out too dark or too bright. It is important to learn how to set up a picture in a way so that the light source is reflect on it in a beneficial way.

Photography may seem challenging or intimidating, but it is really a simple and enjoyable for of art that can be practiced by anyone with a camera. If you understand these simple ideas behinds photography you will have the basics you need to know to get out there and start taking pictures.

Reference:
Patterson, F. (2004). Photography and the art of seeing. Toronto, Canada: Key Porter Books Limited.

The Biology of Estrogen, Testosterone, and the Human Body

Estrogen and testosterone, commonly known as sex hormones, are found in all humans. These hormones play an important role in how the human body matures and changes. Estrogen is produced by the ovaries in females, and testosterone is produced by the testes in males. Both estrogen and testosterone travel throughout the blood and react with certain cells. These cells are known a target cells, and they have receptors which allow them to respond to hormones.

Estrogen affects several types of cells including uterus, breast, liver, bone, brain, heart, and liver; and estrogen impacts all of these cells differently. The hormone gets into the cells by binding with estrogen receptors. The estrogen receptors are located inside the nucleus of the cell, and the hormone becomes attached to it. Then the changed estrogen receptor binds to DNA sites and "this estrogen-receptor complex binds to coactivator proteins;" this process causes more nearby genes to become active and the production of molecules of messenger RNA, which cause the synthesis of specified proteins (Estrogen receptors). The created proteins then affect the cells in different ways depending on the cell.

Testosterone impacts several cell areas in both male and female bodies, and this hormone gets into the cells in a similar fashion as estrogen. Testosterone binds with androgen receptors inside the nucleus of the cell, these receptors interact with DNA sites and coactivators are recruited. Then RNA messengers are created, and then target genes are turned into specified proteins (Androgen receptor). Testosterone is different from estrogen because it can be converted into another hormone known a dihydrotestoststerone. Testosterone interacts with the wolffian duct, and dihydrotestosterone interacts primarily with the hair follicles, urogenital sinus, and urogenital tubercle (Androgen receptor). Non-steroid hormones are different from steroid hormones because they do not bind with receptors inside the nucleus. Non-steroid hormones are not lipid soluble, and they must be combined with membrane receptors instead (The action of hormones).

Reference

Androgen receptor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia . N.p.,

n.d. Web. 1 May 2011. .

Estrogen Receptors - Anabolicminds.com."Bodybuilding Forum - Supplement Review

Anabolicminds.com . N.p., n.d. Web. 1 May 2011 http://anabolicminds.com/forum/steroids/1675

estrogen-receptors.html>.

The Actions of Hormones."Welcome to Wisc-Online.com . N.p., n.d. Web. 1 May 2011.

.

The Basic Technique of Tie Dying and Batik

Batik and Tie Dying is "probably the oldest and most primitive methods of printing designs on fabric" (Young, 1872, p.203). These two types of dyeing are related because they both imply methods that cause some of the fabric to not absorb the dye; this is known as resistance dying, and it is a fun and easy project that anyone can do at home with little money required. Here are the basic instructions for both tie dying and batik. Have fun and remember to experiment!

Tie dyeing is a method that requires folding or scrunching the material into a pattern and securing it with rubber bands. The dye is then applied to the fabric. When the rubber bands are removed the areas that are scrunched up will be without color. This method is a lot of fun for people of all ages, and it was very popular in the 60's and 70's. Remember the fabric can be folded in different ways to create different patterns. It can also be twisted in a spiral to create a spiral. Tie dying is a fun way to experiment with negative space, and it can be done cheaply and easily at home.

Batik is a slightly more complicated method of "resistance dyeing" that I am very interested in (Young, 1972, p. 204). Batik requires the use of wax to block dye from reaching the fabric. When using a brush to apply wax the "wax should be applied hot enough so that it will penetrate the cloth fairly evenly and not just spread out over the surface of the fabric in a crust or the dye will seep through it" (Young, 1972, p. 208). Next dye the fabric in a cold water dye and hang to dry. In order to remove the wax, "cover your ironing board with newspaper and, while the piece is still slightly damp, lay it on the ironing board, put a layer of newspaper over it, and begin to iron very carefully" (Young, 1972, p.209). Continue to change newspapers and keep your iron hot enough to melt the wax. When no more wax seems to be coming out on the newspaper submerge the fabric into a pot of boiling water; this will remove the last bits of wax (Young, 1972). The fun part about batik is that you can repeat the process over and over until you have many layers of color.

Both of these methods of resistance are a lot of fun, and they can be done easily in the comfort of your own home so find some old clothes and revamp them with these techniques!

References:

Young, J. (1972). Woodstock craftsman manual. New York, NY: Praeger Publishers.

Summer Handprint Crafts for Kids Using Paint

Creating summer handprint crafts with kids can be easy with paint. Summer means that kids will be spending more time at home, and these crafts will keep your kid happy and occupied. Here you will find summer handprint crafts that kids can create with paint.

Window Clings

Window clings are easy to make, and kids will enjoy seeing them hanging in windows for summer feel all year long. For this summer craft you will need paint, paper plates, a paintbrush, plastic wrap, pins, scissors, and cardboard. Start by cutting the cardboard into a square or rectangle.

Wrap a piece of plastic wrap around the cardboard and use the pins to secure it tightly in place. Then help kids add another sheet of plastic evenly on top, and attach it the same way. Pour the different colored paints on the paper plates. Then assist kids as they use handprints, fingers, and the paintbrush to create different designs and pictures on the plastic wrap.

Butterflies are easily created using handprints; simply place the fingers outward and have the palms touch. A thumbprint and can be the head. Flowers are also easily made by kids using handprints. Thumbprints can make leaves and a paintbrush can make vines.

When the paint has dried, add another layer of plastic wrap on top of the painted piece. You can then remove the layers of plastic wrap so that they are all stuck together. Use the scissors to trim the plastic. This craft is fun for kids to hang in windows so the summer sun can shine through them.

Rainbow Wall Garland

Another great craft for kids in summer time is a rainbow wall garland. For this craft you will need paint in every color of the rainbow, paper plates, a long sheet of clear vinyl paper, and scissors. It is a good idea to place newspaper on surfaces to make clean up easier.

Start this craft by helping kids pour the different colors of paint onto paper plates. Spread the vinyl sheet out on the work surface. Then let kids dip their hands in the paint and row of handprints across the sheet. Let them continue adding handprints to create a pretty design or pattern. When the paint is dry you can trim the majority of the excess vinyl. Hang this handprint craft over a door way or along a wall for summer style.

These crafts are a fun way for kids to use paint and their hands. Try these crafts to bring the thrill of summer into your house and the time you spend with your kids.

Stuffing: An Easy Thanksgiving Side Dish on a Budget

Thanksgiving is a holiday that everyone loves. You eat until you fall asleep and then you do it again. You can watch some big balloons on television or some wood soldiers marching on Thanksgiving, but the best part is the food. An important but sometimes over looked part of the Thanksgiving meal is the side dishes. My favorite side dish recipe is cheap, easy, and simply delicious. Here is the recipe for the best stuffing I have ever had.

My favorite side dish for Thanksgiving is stuffing. Stuffing can me made in several ways, but the easiest most delicious stuffing can be made from left over bread or rolls. I usually save the left over bread from dinner in the fridge for a week and a half. It is good to have a variety of types of bread because it adds different textures. I like to fill the bottom of a sheet tray about half way with the bread. Any type of bread will work, and the more variety the better. Soak the bread in water until it can be smushed between your fingers. You want the bread wet, but you do not want it dripping.

While you are soaking the bread about half a cup of butter in a pan with some diced onion and celery. You can add a bit of crumbled sausage or bacon to the mix for a heartier flavor. Add some chopped or dried sage, thyme, garlic, and cumin to the butter and cook until the onions are soft and brown. Now mix the butter concoction with the bread.

You can put the stuffing inside a turkey or you can cook it in the oven. I usually put the bread mixture in a big tray pan and bake at 350 degrees for about half an hour.

Stuffing can be altered for different tastes as well. You can add a bit of crumbled sausage or bacon to the onion mix for a heartier flavor. You can also try using some leftover fruit bread such as cranberry or raisin bread in your stuffing to give it a sweeter taste. Nuts can add a crunchier texture to stuffing so add them while you are browning the onions.

Stuffing is a great and essential side dish for Thanksgiving, and with this easy recipe and its variations you can enjoy a delicious home made Thanksgiving day meal with the best stuffing ever.

Strengthen Your Artistic Abilities

Being an artist is not easy; it doesn't usually pay well, and people are constantly critiquing your work. As an artist I have struggled, and I have had my doubts, but I also know that being an artist is important. This article will help you look at art in a way that is worldlier; it will also help you to realize that being an artist is an important function, and it will help you to better understand your relationship with art.

"Art when really understood is the province of every human being. It is simply a question of doing things, anything, well." (Henri, 1923, p.11) I feel this is a great and true statement, and I believe that this is an important fact that most people do not realize. Over the course of my life I have had many jobs, and I have constantly compared them to art because that is how I see and understand things, and I realize that everything in life is art if treated as such. Anyone can be an artist whether they work with a knife, a lab coat, or a paint brush, and the world needs artists of all kinds to evolve and survive.

I have over the years struggled with the thought of being a professional artist; it is something I have always wanted but, I never believed could happen. I have often shrugged off the idea of my art and not taken it seriously although it is the one thing I have always loved. I have come to realize that the world needs artists because the artist is not "trying to close the book, he opens it, shows there are still more pages possible" (Henri, 1923, p.11). Without artist there would not be any inventions. Artists spur creation, and they cause possibilities to become realities. The artists make the world interesting and beautiful, and through artists things change and are achieved.

Painting from memory can be a very challenging task, but it can also help you understand your relation ship with art better. "I think it is safe to say that the kind of seeing and the kind of thinking done by one who works with the model always before him is entirely different from the kind of seeing and thinking done by one who is about to lose the presence of the model and will have to continue his work from the knowledge he gained in the intimate presence" (Henri, 1923, p.25). I think this observation is important because I believe that having a model always there may let you take things for granted, where as, having the model taken away makes you train yourself to capture the details and it helps you put that special part of yourself into the painting. I appreciate the term "intimate presence" because I feel art is like an exchange between the artist and the outer world; the finished piece is the solidification of this communication. It is like a dance between to seasoned lovers that has been painfully and joyfully recorded on canvas.

Anyone can be an artist, but I suggest that the art student know all the theory of the great artists of the past because this will help you create your own (Henri, 1923). I believe with all subject matter this is important because you must have a strong foundation to be able to move forward successfully. No matter what form of art you partake in it is important to know the background in order to not create the same mistakes. It is important to know the past because this will help you strengthen your relationship with your art.

References:

Henri, R. (1923). The Art spirit. New York, NY: Basic Books

Strength: Understanding the Major Arcana of the Tarot

The eighth card in the major arcana of the tarot is Strength. This card represents strength, endurance, patiences, calm, compassion, and control. The meaning of this card is represented by a lion and a maiden. The lion is full of aggression and passion, but the maiden comforts and soothes the beast. These images are an accurate representation of the strength card.

Strength represents courage and endurance during difficult times. There are oppositions surrounding you; this could be your lifestyle, living situation, and many other things, but this card suggests being strong despite opposition. The strength card of the tarot suggest being solid and aware of your own ability to endure. Strength suggests strength of your entire existence; this refers to your heart, body, soul, and mind.

Patience is an important part of this card because it requires you to be strong enough to maintain calm. It suggests that you are like a ship at sea, and as the captain of your ship you must calmy make decisions that will steer your boat our of trouble waters. This card represents the ability to accept surrounding factors and people that may be troublesome to you. Your acceptances and patience in this situation will bring you strength.

Accepting others is a huge focus of this card, and it suggests that you must use your strength to try to understand why these people are acting in a way that is unfavorable for you. Simply forgiving the imperfection of others or circumstances will give you strength, and it will show your strength. Showing compassion is the best possible action that can be taken when this card is apparent.

With strength you understand and forgive imperfection, with strength you are aware that you will endure despite opposition, and with strength you can influence opposition so that it no longer becomes a problem. The Strength card allows you to use your solid foundation as a place to help those who are causing conflict work out their problems. This card is powerful because it shows that strength can help heal wounds, and make the path of life less burdensome.

Strength is a powerful card that teaches up that there are many ways to be strong and show strength. This card helps us find strength when we need it, and it shows us how to use our strength to help circumstances and people around us.

Spooky Halloween Dinner Party Ideas

I love Halloween, and I have thrown many a Halloween party, and here is a list of my favorite Halloween recipes that you are guaranteed to love!

The first thing you need for your Halloween dinner party is something deliciously creepy to drink, and I suggest making a huge bowl of punch to save you time. All you will need for this recipe is 6 cups of cranberry juice, 5 cups of apple juice, ½ cup of corn syrup, and 1 cup of water. Mix all of these liquids together, and serve in a punch bowl with fake wax teeth in them, and your bloody punch will be a hit.

You will also need some appetizers for your guests, and I suggest this monster brain recipe. For this treat you will need the following ingredients; salsa, sour cream, 2 avocados, finely chopped cilantro, lemon juice, a can of mashed chic peas, a pinch of salt and pepper, various chips or vegetables, and 3 different gourds or squashes. First and most important part is to hollow out the three gourds. Now carve evil, funny, or weird monster faces into the gourds with a paring knife. You can also use half toothpicks to stick different vegetables into the gourds to add facial features. I like to use olives as eyes. Now fill 2 of these gourds with salsa and sour cream. Mix the remaining ingredients and put it into the last gourd. Place the heads on a dish with the chips and veggies and you will be set.

A quick and fun entrée idea is mummy pizzas, and it can be made only using English muffins, black olives, shredded mozzarella, and tomato sauce. Cut the English muffins in half and spread sauce on them. Now cut the olives in half and lay them on the pizza like eyes. Now place the shredded mozzarella on the pizza, but make sure to have it going mostly in the same direction in order to simulate the wrapping of a mummy. Bake until cheese is melted at 350 degrees, and you will have a delicious treat.

Finally you will need a great dessert for your Halloween party. These gravestone cookies are classic and can be altered to suit your guests! To make the cookie base you will need 2 cups of butter, 2 cups of sugar, 3 eggs, 2 teaspoons of vanilla extract, and 6 cups of flour. Mix butter and sugar together until soft; next mix the flour and vanilla into the concoction. Finally add the eggs one at a time until mixed, and finally add the flour until it is just combined. Roll the dough out and cut it into rectangles. You can round the tops to make them look more like grave stones. Bake at 350 degrees until the edges are golden. After the cookies have cooled you can frost them with white icing, and if you like you can write them names of your guests on them with black frosting. These cookies will be a great creepy end to your party.

All of these recipes are tasty and simple, and they will help make any Halloween party a success!